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• Shell
• File read

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.

• Version requirements

  GNU

  Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  This executable runs commands directly, e.g., via functions like exec, remember to omit the -p argument of every /bin/sh invocation for distributions where the default shell does not drop SUID privileges.

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh -p

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  This executable runs commands directly, e.g., via functions like exec, remember to omit the -p argument of every /bin/sh invocation for distributions where the default shell does not drop SUID privileges.

  xargs -a /dev/null /bin/sh -p

• Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  echo x | xargs -o -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  echo x | xargs -o -a /dev/null /bin/sh

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  This executable runs commands directly, e.g., via functions like exec, remember to omit the -p argument of every /bin/sh invocation for distributions where the default shell does not drop SUID privileges.

  echo x | xargs -o -a /dev/null /bin/sh -p

File read

This executable can read data from local files.

• Version requirements

  GNU

  Unprivileged

  This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.

  xargs -a /path/to/input-file -0

  Sudo

  This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.

  Remarks

  If there are environment variables involved, they must be passed via sudo VAR=value ... or exported then sudo -E ....

  xargs -a /path/to/input-file -0

  SUID

  This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.

  xargs -a /path/to/input-file -0

  Remarks

  The content is corrupted or otherwise altered by the process, thus it might not be suitable for handling arbitrary binary data.

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